An investigation can help prevent future incidents by identifying health and safety shortcomings and the ability to make workplace adjustments. Review this guidance for information on defining workplace health and safety incidents, the investigation process and the importance of an effective investigation policy.
Defining Workplace Health & Safety Incidents
Workplace health and safety incidents are categorized by two scenarios:
- A workplace condition/event that resulted in an illness, injury or fatality of an employee or public property damage
- A workplace condition/event that resulted in a “near miss.” No illness, injury, fatality or property damage occurred but likely could have
Every incident should be investigated. OSHA requires a 24-hour reporting for hospitalization and 8 hours for a death from any COVID-19 workplace contractions.
The Incident Investigation Five-Step Process
Incident investigations should follow a systems approach. The cause(s) of the incident should be traced to workplace health and safety program/procedure failures, not employee actions or behaviors. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourages employers to cooperate with local health departments when investigating workplace infectious disease exposures.
1. Preserve & Document the Scene
Initially, verify all involved have received or are receiving proper care. Immediately preserve the scene, including halting production or temporarily relocating employees. Document all relevant information, including witnesses, workplace equipment involved and scene conditions.
2. Gather Important Information
Collect valuable data, including:
- Immediate witness accounts to ensure accurate and detailed information
- Equipment manuals and maintenance records
- Employee training documentation
- Workplace inspections or other follow-up documentation
- Workplace health and safety policies/procedures
- Any other relevant documents related to the incident
3. Evaluate the Root Cause(s)
Analyzing information should identify the incident’s primary cause(s). Root causes are the underlying issues/failures that lead to workplace incidents. They are indirect and ambiguous factors that result in workplace incidents. Root causes focus on issues such as management concerns, poor workplace designs or operational failings.
4. Implement Corrective Measures
Enforce workplace adjustments to prevent future incidents. These modifications or corrective measures must be specific, realistic, clearly communicated and must assist in reducing overall workplace risks.
5. Conduct Routine Follow-Ups
Repetitive follow-ups should be conducted with both supervisors and employees. This will help evaluate the corrective measures’ effectiveness and any additional workplace adjustments that are needed.
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Workplace health and safety are an enormous risk for employers, but conducting investigations can protect your organization and health of your workers. We’re here to help you navigate these issues with ease. For additional coverage guidance and solutions, connect with a member of our team.